E-mail: ge.soldatova@yandex.ru Tel.: +7 (383) 330-14-52
8, Nikolaev str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
PhD in Arts, Leading Researcher of the Sector of Folklore of the Peoples of Siberia, Institute of Philology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
This article is devoted to аn inadequately studied aspect of the Khanty and Mansi people’s intonational culture — their facultative phono-instruments. All Ob Ugric phono-instruments may be divided into two groups. The first includes musical and/or ritual instruments: harp, zither, lute, drum, Jew’s-harp. The second group includes sound instruments used in ceremonies and herding reindeer, as well as household items adapted for sound extraction. Facultative phono-instruments are not used in musical practice for an aesthetic purpose; they do not have a repertoire; their sound during rites is not regulated; and anyone can make them. For the first time in Finno-Ugric musical studies, this article presents a systematic description of all of the facultative phono-instruments of the Khanty and Mansi peoples. The study is based on data which the author collected during expeditions to the north of Western Siberia from the late 1980s to the early 2000s, as well as on already published material. The instruments are described using E. M. von Hornbostel and C. Sachs’ typology of musical instruments. A large group of idiophones (19) as well as membranophones (2) and aerophones (3) are identified and each instrument’s design and scope of application are described. This is necessary for the comparative and typological study of folk instruments.
Alekseenko E. A. (1985) Muzykal’nyye instrumenty narodov severa Zapadnoy Sibiri [Folk musical instruments of the peoples of the north of Western Siberia] In: Material’naya i dukhovnaya kul’tura narodov Sibiri [Material and spiritual culture of the peoples of Siberia]. Ed. by R. F. Its. Leningrad. Pp. 5–23. In Russian.
Blagodatov G. I. (1958) Muzykal’nyye instrumenty narodov Sibiri [Musical instruments of the peoples of Siberia] In: Sbornik Muzeya antropologii i etnografii [Collected papers of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography]. Vol. 18. Moscow; Leningrad. Pp. 187–207. In Russian.
Bogdanov I. A. (1981) Khantyyskaya i mansiyskaya muzyka [Khanty and Mansi music]. In: Muzykal’naya entsiklopediya [Musical encyclopedia]. Ed. by Yu. V. Keldysh. In 6 vol. Vol. 5. Col. 1025–1028. Moscow. In Russian.
Chernetsov V. N. (2001) Medvezhiy prazdnik u obskikh ugrov [The bear feast of the Ob Ugrians]. Transl. & ed. by N. V. Lukina. Tomsk. In Russian.
Dobzhanskaya O. E. (2014) Sistema tradi- tsionnykh zvukovykh instrumentov nganasan [The system of traditional sound instruments of the Nganassan]. Traditsionnaya kul’tura [Traditional culture]. 2014. No. 4. Pp. 64–70. In Russian.
Dyakonova V. E. (2017) Fonoinstrumenty v fondakh Olenekskogo istoriko-etnograficheskogo muzeya narodov Severa [Phono-instruments in the collections of the Olenek Historical and Ethnographic Museum of the Peoples of the North]. In: Muzykal’naya Vselennaya Yuriya Sheykina (k 50-letiyu nauchnoy deyatel’nosti) [The musical Universe of Yuri Sheikin (on the 50th anniversary of his scholarly activity)]. Ed. by O. E. Dobzhanskaya. Yakutsk. Pp. 94–101. In Russian.
Gemuev I. N. (1990) Mirovozzreniye Mansi: Dom i Kosmos [The Mansi worldview: Home and Cosmos]. Novosibirsk. In Russian.
Gemuev I. N., Sagalaev A. M. (1986) Religiya naroda mansi. Kul’tovyye mesta (XIX — nachalo XX v.) [The religion of the Mansi. Cult places (19th — early 20th century)]. Novosibirsk. In Russian.
Hornbostel E. M. von, Sachs C. (1987) Sistematika muzykal’nykh instrumentov [Typology of musical instruments]. In: Narodnyye muzykal’nyye instrumenty i instrumental’naya muzyka [Folk music instruments and instrumental music]. Part 1. Ed. by I. V. Matsievskiy. Moscow. Pp. 229–261. In Russian.
Kalaberda A. V., Zaytseva M. S. (2015) Instrumenty detskogo zvukotvorchestva: izuchenie i funktsionirovaniye [Children’s sound making instruments: Their study and functioning]. Muzykal’nyy zhurnal Evropeyskogo Severa [Musical magazine of the European North]. 2015. No. 3. Pp. 51–67. In Russian.
Karjalainen K. F. (1995) Religiya yugorskikh narodov [The religion of the Ugra peoples]. In 3 vol. Vol. 2. Ed. by N. V. Lukina. Tomsk. In Russian.
Kondratyeva N. M., Mazepus V. V., Sychenko G. B. (1999) K teorii intonatsionnykh kul’tur: Intonatsionnaya kul’tura telengitov [On the theory of intonation cultures: The intonational culture of the Telengits]. In: Voprosy muzykoznaniya [Issues of musicology]. Novosibirsk. Pp. 212–225. In Russian.
Lbova L. V., Kozhevnikova D. V. (2016) Formy muzykal’nogo povedeniya v paleolite: muzykal’naya deyatel’nost’ i fonoinstrumenty [Forms of musical behavior in the Paleolithic: Musical activity and phono-instruments]. Ed. by A. V. Tabarev. Novosibirsk. In Russian.
Matsievskiy I. V. (1980) Narodnyy muzykal’nyy instrument i metodologiya ego issledovaniya (k nasushchnym problemam etnoinstrumentovedeniya) [The folk musical instrument and the methodology of its study (toward essential problems of ethno-organology)]. In: Aktual’nye problemy sovremennoy fol’kloristiki [Actual problems of modern folklore studies]. Ed. by V. E. Gusev. Leningrad. Pp. 143–170. In Russian.
Mazur O. V. (1997) Medvezhiy prazdnik kazymskikh khantov kak zhanrovo-stilevaya sistema [The bear feast of the Kazym Khanty as a generic-stylistic system]. PhD dis. Novosibirsk. In Russian.
Moldanov T. (2010) Posokh, primenyaemyy v medvezh’ikh igrishchakh [The staff used in bear games]. In: Moldanov T., Moldanova T. Ocherki traditsionnoy kul’tury khantov: Izbrannoe [Essays on the traditional culture of the Khanty: Selected works]. Khanty-Mansyisk. Pp. 98–102. In Russian.
Moldanov T. A., Sidorova E. V. (2010) Medvezh’i igrishcha: tantsy i pesni [Bear games: Dan- ces and songs]. Khanty-Mansiysk. In Russian.
Moldanova T. (2010) Simvolicheskaya funktsiya metalla v kul’ture khantov [The symbolic function of metal in the culture of the Khanty]. In: Moldanov T., Moldanova T. Ocherki traditsionnoy kul’tury khantov: Izbrannoe [Essays on the traditional culture of the Khanty: Selected works]. Khanty-Mansiysk. Pp. 200–219. In Russian.
Pchelovodova I. V. (2012) K mifologicheskomu soderzhaniyu udmurtskikh muzykal’nykh instrumentov (po materialam G. E. Vereshchagina) [Toward the mythological content of Udmurt musical instruments (based on G. E. Vereshchagin’s materials)]. Ezhegodnik finno-ugorskikh issledovaniy [Yearbook of Finno-Ugric studies]. 2012. No. 1. Pp. 80–85. In Russian.
Rombandeeva E. I. (1993) Istoriya naroda mansi (vogulov) i ego dukhovnaya kul’tura (po dannym fol’klora i obryadov) [The history of the Mansi (Vogul) people and their spiritual culture (according to folklore and rituals)]. Surgut. In Russian.
Shestalov V. I. (2013) Muzyka i mifologiya medvezh’ego prazdnika obskikh ugrov [The music and mythology of the Ob Ugrians’ bear feast]. Khanty-Mansiysk. In Russian.
Sheikin Yu. I. (2002) Istoriya muzykal’noy kul’tury narodov Sibiri: Sravnitel’no-istoricheskoe issledovanie [The history of the musical culture of the peoples of Siberia: A comparative historical study]. Moscow. In Russian.
Sheikin Yu. I., Dobzhanskaya O. E., Nikiforova V. S. (2016) Zvuchashchiy landshaft Arktiki [The sound landscape of Arctic]. Etnograficheskoe obozrenie [Ethnographic review]. 2016. No. 4. Pp. 30–44. In Russian.
Sheikin Yu. I., Tsekhanskiy V. M., Mazepus V. V. (1986) Intonatsionnaya kul’tura etnosa (opyt sistemnogo rassmotreniya) [The intonational culture of an ethnos (an attempt at a comprehensive view)]. In: Kul’tura narodnostey Severa: Traditsii i sovremennost’ [The culture of the Northern peoples: Traditions and modernity]. Ed. by V. I. Boyko. Novosibirsk. Pp. 235–247. In Russian.
Soldatova G. E. (2001) Fonoinstrumentariy mansi: sostav, funktsionirovanie, zhanrovaya spetsifika [Mansi phono-instrumentation: Its structure, function, generic specifics]. In: Muzyka i tanets v kul’ture obsko-ugorskikh narodov [Music and dance in the culture of the Ob Ugrian peoples]. Ed. by N. V. Lukina. Tomsk. Pp. 32–43. In Russian.
Soldatova G. E. (2014) Muzykal’nyye instrumenty obskikh ugrov: ugasaniye i vozrozhdeniye traditsii [Folk music instruments of the Ob Ugrians: The loss and revival of tradition]. Traditsionnaya kul’tura [Traditional culture]. 2014. No. 4. Pp. 78–84. In Russian.
Soldatova G. E. (2018) Intonatsionnyye fenomeny medvezh’ego prazdnika mansi [Intonational phenomena of the Mansi bear feast]. Yazyki i fol’klor korennykh narodov Sibiri [Languages and folklore of the indigenous peoples of Siberia]. 2018. No. 36. Pp. 118–127. In Russian.
Solovyev I. V. (2015) Saamskiye muzykal’nyye instrumenty (k popytke osmysleniya semantiki zvenyashchego tembra) [Saami musical instruments (an attempt to comprehend the semantics of the ringing timbre)]. Muzykal’nyy zhurnal Evropeyskogo Severa [Music Journal of Northern Europe]. 2015. No. 3. Pp. 1–16. In Russian.
Soldatova G. E. Facultative phono-instruments of the Ob Ugrians. Traditional culture. 2019. Vol. 20. No. 4. Pp. 44–56. In Russian.